Table 2.

Statistical testing framework to test the influence of shape, size, biomechanical determinants and trait presence on each other and to test phylogenetic signal. AAR, anterior acetabular ridge; PCR, posterior condylar ridge; MR, median ridge; LR, lateral ridge, JRF, joint reaction force; MPD, median peak displacement; PIC, phylogenetic independent contrasts. For the definition of JRF angles please refer to figure 6. Italic font indicates significant values.

	tested traits	K	p-value
kappa	JRF (α)	0.91	0.0127
	JRF (β)	0.89	0.0185
	JRF (γ)	0.57	0.2133
	JRF (δ)	0.55	0.2460
	JRF (θ)	0.26	0.9054
	JRF (η)	0.29	0.8175
	MA	0.66	0.1059

		R²	p-value
Procrustes PGLS	shape versus size	0.0758	0.7373
	shape versus MPDs	0.0702	0.5726
	shape versus JRF (α)	0.0432	0.7568
	shape versus JRF (β)	0.0424	0.5351
	shape versus JRF (γ)	0.1430	0.2442
	shape versus JRF (δ)	0.1246	0.2523
	shape versus JRF (θ)	0.0640	0.9732
	shape versus JRF (η)	0.1070	0.8429
	shape versus MA	0.0762	0.0904
PIC	size versus MPDs	0.0927	0.0972
	JRF (α) versus MPDs	0.0005	0.9222
	JRF (β) versus MPDs	0.0328	0.4319
	JRF (γ) versus MPDs	0.0598	0.2854
	JRF (δ) versus MPDs	0.0010	0.8900
	JRF (θ) versus MPDs	0.1281	0.1112
	JRF (η) versus MPDs	0.1021	0.1580
	MA versus MPDs	0.3439	0.0052
	JRF (α) versus size	0.0504	0.3280
	JRF (β) versus size	0.0143	0.6063
	JRF (γ) versus size	0.0714	0.2417
	JRF (δ) versus size	0.0710	0.2431
	JRF (θ) versus size	0.2739	0.0149
	JRF (η) versus size	0.3836	0.0028
	MA versus size	0.1625	0.0700

		estimated D	no phyl.sig [p] (BM.sig [p])
Phyl. signal in ridge presence	AAR	0.67	0.27 (0.21)
	PCR	−0.32	0.06 (0.65)
	MR	−2.74	1 (0.02)
	LR	0.78	0.33 (0.16)

		likelihood ratio	p-value
pairwise correlation of ridges	AAR \| PCR	2.1031	0.7168
	AAR \| MR	0.9736	0.9138
	AAR \| LR	5.8201	0.2138
	PCR \| MR	2.6425	0.4742
	PCR \| LR	6.0530	0.1945
	MR \| LR	1.4166	0.8413